The Volokh Conspiracy

Kozinski:

I've tried to avoid blogging about the Judge Kozinski story, because I'm so obviously biased on the subject. I clerked for the Judge. The Judge officiated at my wedding. I talk to him often. I consider him a close friend, he's taught me a huge amount, and he's helped me tremendously in my career, and not just by giving me a valuable credential. What I say on the matter will naturally and properly be discounted because of my bias. Still, I can't help myself any longer, so I'll pass along what I think, and you can give it whatever credit you think is due.

Here's what seems to me to have happened:

A lawyer (Cyrus Sanai) who has long had a grudge against Judge Kozinski finds out that the Kozinski family has a network server with various files on it. The controversial files on that server aren't linked to from the Web, and aren't indexed on search engines. They are generally meant only for family members and a few other people who get specific pointers to them. [UPDATE: Patterico reports that the directory's index was available on Yahoo, though apparently not Google, deep in the results of a search for "alex.kozinski.com"; I presume this was because of some error in kozinski.com's robots.txt file. The lawyer, though, didn't find the files this way, and the files themselves weren't indexed.]

But the lawyer figures out the private server's internal directory structure, rummages around, finds some of the files, and downloads them. And some of the files contain what is basically — if what I saw at Patterico's site is representative — visual sexual humor. There are some spoofs, for instance of the MasterCard commercials, some puns, some absurdities. Kozinski, or someone in his family, apparently got them sent to him, and decided to save them alongside a bunch of other stuff he found interesting or amusing.

Now the fruit of this disgruntled lawyer's rummaging through someone else's personal files somehow becomes a national news story. Why? Because Kozinski is presiding over an obscenity trial? All this stuff — the sort of sexual humor that gets circulated all the time — is not remotely in the same league as what the defendant is being criminally prosecuted for. Recall that the defendant is being prosecuted precisely because his sex-and-defecation movies are so far out even by modern standards of actual pornography. Sanai's discoveries are similar to someone's finding that a judge who's presiding over a drunk driving trial has some screw-top bottles of rosé wine in his cupboard at home, shamelessly displayed in a way that the whole world can see them, if the whole world stands on its tiptoes and peers through a back window. The news value of that would be what, exactly? (Yes, I know screw-tops are becoming legit, but pretend it's ten years ago.)

OK, people are saying, it was careless of Kozinski not to make sure that the site (which was apparently managed by one of Kozinski's grown sons) was properly secured. Sure, in retrospect, whenever something leads to this sort of media circus, by definition one would have been wise to take more care to prevent it. But surely even otherwise reasonable people might fail to plan for their enemies' rummaging around through the files on a private family server.

It's kind of like your parking your car on the street, locking it, but forgetting to close a back window — or like your throwing out something in the trash without shredding it and leaving the trash cans by the curb. Then someone who has a grudge against you comes by and starts using the open window to rummage around in the stuff you have piled up in the back seat, or starts rummaging through your trash. (Note that to my knowledge such rummaging probably isn't even a crime in many places.)

Lo and behold, one of the items your enemy finds is a notebook in which you've pasted some visual sex jokes that people have sent you. He takes pictures of all the pages and then runs to the newspaper; because of your high-profile job, the newspapers all cover this. Should you have closed the back window? Should you have shredded the stuff before putting in the trash? In retrospect, sure. But how many of us live like that in everything we do?

Jeez, folks, Kozinski has a quirky sense of humor, and keeps some joke pictures and videos on his computer rather than throwing them away. I'm sure they aren't the kinds of things some people would enjoy seeing. But he wasn't trying to show them to those people! He was just minding his own business, keeping some files on his own private server. And now it's a national news story.

Enough already. As Larry Lessig puts it, no-one should be put in the position of "hav[ing] to defend publicly private choices and taste" in a situation like this. We should all leave Kozinski to his own privately expressed sense of humor, as we'd like the world to leave us to ours.

FantasiaWHT:

Some are some spoofs, for instance of the MasterCard commercials


The "Priceless" ones? Those are great.

Yeah, I completely agree. Way off base here. My first impression from the story was that this was some government, court, or official website of some kind, or at least that he was using work computers for it, but none of that appears to be the case.
6.13.2008 1:45pm
Impeach Kennedy (mail):
Hear, hear.
6.13.2008 1:46pm
taney71:
Well said!
6.13.2008 1:47pm
NickM (mail) (www):
Is picture of nude women painted to look like cows degrading, or incisive social commentary? It sounds like something you might find in a performance art exhibition.

Nick
6.13.2008 1:48pm
jrww (mail):
I am a big fan of privacy, too, but obviously there needs to be a formal investigation to determine, among other things, whether any of the images constitute child pornography. At least one of those images does raise that possibility. (This is discussed in the comments in another recent post, so I won't repeat it here.)

Kudos to Judge Kozinski for inviting an investigation of himself yesterday.
6.13.2008 1:50pm
MPP (mail):
I don't think your comments show bias; they show reason. Kozinski has done nothing wrong. Those trying to impugn his judgment or ability to fairly review an obscenity case are either: (1) desperate, (2) malicious, or (3)severely misguided.
6.13.2008 1:51pm
gwinje:
Screw-tops may work, but unscrewing a bottle of wine is like nails on a calk board for me.

Application fees: $1000
LSAT fee: $150
Tuition and fees: $100K
Room and Board: $50K
Finding out you have the same sense of humor as the wittiest guy on the ninth circuit: Priceless
6.13.2008 1:53pm
L.A. Brave:
The whole thing is way overblown, and the LA Times reporting on it was very deceptive. It borders on false light to suggest that there video of a "half-dressed man cavorting with a sexually aroused farm animal," obviously trying to make a connection with the bestiality allegations in the trial he is presiding over.

Once you see the actual video, however, a better description would be "a popular internet clip of a man being chased by a farm animal after he stopped to relive himself on the side of the road."

I don't see a false light claim getting anywhere against the paper (no malice), and not against Sanai (he just handed the material over).

Has anyone brought an intrusion claim based on an internet "prying"? If someone snoops around and gets to your personal, private computer files, that sure seems like a basis for a claim.
6.13.2008 1:54pm
gwinje:
chalk
6.13.2008 1:54pm
William Spieler (mail) (www):
a) The explosion of comments on Randy's post suggests that there was certainly some pent-up desire to talk about this topic among your readership.
6.13.2008 1:55pm
Witness (mail):
I like your analogy better than Lessig's.
6.13.2008 1:56pm
NE2d:

All this stuff -- the sort of sexual humor that gets circulated all the time -- is not remotely in the same league as what the defendant is being criminally prosecuted for. Recall that the defendant is being prosecuted precisely because his sex-and-defecation movies are so far out even by modern standards of actual pornography.

Sounds like someone hasn't seen the most widely circulated and famous video on the internet.
6.13.2008 1:56pm
William Spieler (mail) (www):
Well, second-most, at least. It'd be third-most if some brave soul were to create 2girls1rickroll, which could destroy the world as we know it.
6.13.2008 2:00pm
L.A. Brave:
NE2d: I wonder "2 Girls 1 Cup" would be deemed obscene at this point. It is such a powerful and pervasive meme that it probably commands "serious artistic value" now.
6.13.2008 2:02pm
alkali (mail):
Judge Kozinski gets props from this lefty for being the kind of judge who notices that prosecutors and police offices sometimes step over the line. I wouldn't wish this melodrama on anyone, but if it had to happen it's a shame it couldn't be visited on a judge (left or right) who lacks Kozinksi's healthy respect for freedom of speech and thought, and for privacy.
6.13.2008 2:04pm
Gary Anderson (mail):
Close Eugene, but no cigar. You're downplaying the man's right to his choice of adolescent porn. Instead of: "We should all leave Kozinski to his own privately expressed sense of humor, as we'd like the world to leave us to ours.", your post would have been much weightier if you had defended his choice of smut. Who cares?

The thing I object to, is do we all need to know that some of our esteemed professional "thinkers" are really only half-grown men? This is a non-story, but surely it tells us something about Kozinski's character, and his kinda twisted family relationship. (In my day, fathers and sons operated independently.)

So his reputation suffers, and the world realizes that just because you're smart, you still might have adolescent tastes in "naughty" sex. Diminishes the office sure, but the ideal of a well-developed grownup man has pretty much gone out the window these last decades. He really got off on "collecting" this stuff, huh? Emotional v. intellectual maturity, I guess. And a good reason not to elevate those pedastals too high... give me a grown up man over this kind of guy any day. But sure, he can still do the job he's being paid to do...

That boy Yale, though, he needs to grown up and get independent and not be sharing his stage in life so much with his Daddy. Hopefully that's still the way it goes in most families
6.13.2008 2:06pm
NickM (mail) (www):
Well, the missing "the" in the first sentence of my last post makes me sound like a recent immigrant from Eastern Europe. :-/

By reading comments on Patterico's blog (Eugene linked to Overlawyered, which links to Patterico), I find out that that picture came from a foreign edition of Playboy magazine. I also learned that a number of people are so clueless as to not just First Amendment law, but the ordinary meanings of words, that they think a picture of a radio host in a Halloween costume (priest costume, with rag doll designed to resemble a young boy facing it and attached to the crotch) was actually a graphic depiction of sex with a minor.

Nick
6.13.2008 2:08pm
Patterico (mail) (www):
"The controversial files on that server aren't linked to from the Web, and aren't indexed on search engines."

A couple of the .mp3 files were linked by an .mp3 site. You can still see this if you run "alex.kozinski.com" through Google. This is how Cyrus Sanai discovered the structure of the subdirectory.
6.13.2008 2:09pm
Cold Warrior:

Once you see the actual video, however, a better description would be "a popular internet clip of a man being chased by a farm animal after he stopped to relive himself on the side of the road."


Thanks.

Seriously. After reading that LA Times article, I had a very mistaken impression about what we're talking about. In fact, I found it astonishing that someone would put such an image (as described by the LAT) on any kind of website, open or closed. But, of course, that's not what we're talking about.

And thanks to Prof. Volokh for setting the record straight. There is simply no connection between Kozinski's behavior and the behavior of the defendant. Having said that, I think I'd still have to suggest recusal if this were a bench trial, given the whole "I know it when I see it" standard. But query this: wouldn't a complete prude be assumed to have a similar (albeit in the other direction) bias? Should the unusually prudish judge similarly recuse himself?
6.13.2008 2:09pm
PLR:
On the plus side, if we must be inundated by media coverage of celebrity happenings, it's refreshing to see some coverage of a funny and intelligent federal judge, rather than some old sow in rehab for the fourth time.
6.13.2008 2:09pm
Gary Anderson (mail):
I mean, titty talk with your brother (when you're still young and maturing) or your buddy ... sure.

But with your Dad? Let the kids be kids, and the only way they get to do that is if the Daddies realize at some point, it's time to grow up. Not sure how grown up, indeed, some of these public intellectuals really are though, as this little epidode demonstrates.

Is there a woman in Kozinski's life, by chance, or is he among the legions of divorced? Wonder what Yale's mom thinks of this shared ... hobby. Also, were you privvy to the website, EV, had you earlier been directed there?

Inquiring minds want to know...
6.13.2008 2:10pm
ejo:
he is someone allegedly making decisions on the weighty issues of the day-yet he has no sense of shame or propriety. he is, apparently, the intellectual equivalent of the OK judge with the pump under the bench.
6.13.2008 2:10pm
John McE (mail):
Eugene,

Agreed that (a) what Judge Kozinski did is tame, even by comparison to modern network television and (b) his private behavior is immaterial. But reading between the lines of your post ("is not remotely in the same league as what the defendant is being prosecuted for") do I detect a belief that there is a dividing line between "obscene" and "non-obscene" in speech? Because it sounds like the old definition: erotica==what I like; obscenity==what you like.
I have long believed that the concept of obscenity is an anachronism. As it seems more likely that art imitates life than the reverse, almost any act on film is at worst a documentary of something people actually do (to wit, Mapplethorpe). I imagine many things people do would violate the sensibilities of their community, but they are certainly free (post-Lawrence) to do them, and can we really say that the act of documenting these things--an exercise of one of our most fundamental rights--reaches the level of criminality?

This defendant is deliberately trying to push the envelope, but I haven't heard of anything in his films that is outside the realm of (rare, but actual) sexual behavior. It seems that if the making of the films did not violate other laws (animal cruelty, child pornography, assault, rape, murder) then I find it hard to believe that they can still be considered criminal.

I'm reminded of a book by some psychologist that documented the sexual fantasies of a large number of subjects. Many of the fantasies would have violated "community standards" and some would have been downright illegal. The book itself was protected speech. If one were to turn the book into a film (using legal age actors, simulated animals, etc, but real sex) does the same content now become obscene? How and why? Can it be the case that one medium can be intrinsically more obscene than another?

I guess I'd love the opinion of the many distinguished lawyers here as to whether, in the 21st century, there is still room for a concept of (legal) obscenity...
6.13.2008 2:11pm
Gary Anderson (mail):
they think a picture of a radio host in a Halloween costume (priest costume, with rag doll designed to resemble a young boy facing it and attached to the crotch) was actually a graphic depiction of sex with a minor.

*Sigh* The whole world's becoming a bad Adam Sandler/Will Ferrell/Ben Stiller/Mike Meyers flick.

Really guys, try a little growing up. It's not so scary, really. And you might just enjoy the company of grown up women too, with healthy adult senses of humor.

This folks, is not it.
6.13.2008 2:14pm
William Spieler (mail) (www):
John McE:

Well, at least three highly distinguished lawyers thought there wasn't room back in the 20th century (Black, Douglas and Brennan, to my understanding)
6.13.2008 2:15pm
wfjag:

We should all leave Kozinski to his own privately expressed sense of humor, as we'd like the world to leave us to ours.


Don't see a problem with receiving, storing and possibly forwarding a picture that appears to show a minor giving himself a B.J.? Does UNITED STATES v. MICHAEL WILLIAMS,
___ U.S. ___, 128 S. Ct. 1830, 170 L. Ed. 2d 650 (May 19, 2008), cause you to re-consider that conclusion? Or, does it not apply to federal judges and/or their family members.
6.13.2008 2:16pm
Cold Warrior:

Is there a woman in Kozinski's life, by chance, or is he among the legions of divorced?


http://www.specialedlaw.org/Marcy%20Tiffany%20Bio.htm

I have never met Judge Kozinski, but a long time ago I met his wife (I didn't know about the connection at the time), and she struck me as a very kind and intelligent person.
6.13.2008 2:16pm
William Spieler (mail) (www):
Gary:

Not having a well-developed sense of humor (and I'd certainly quibble over your definition of such) is hardly grounds for recusal, much less social opprobrium.

There's plenty of critical commentary on comedy, and I think that your views of comedy are well outside the mainstream critical view.
6.13.2008 2:18pm
GV:
Your post does seem to elide two important points discussed elsewhere. First, it’s not clear that it was legal to possess all of these files. At least one of the pictures is alleged to be child pornography. And there are allegations that some of the music files were illegally downloaded. Second, some of the pictures were degrading to women and the religious. These are clearly not illegal, but judges are held to a higher standard than a requirement to avoid illegality. Judges are expected to both actually be unbiased and also not to even given the appearance of being bias so that the public will continue to have confidence in their judiciary. Judges can’t do lots of things that we allow other people, including other public officials, to do. The presence of the allegations of criminality and the presence of files that might cast some doubt on the judges impartiality might make this story worthy of news coverage.

Finally, I do wonder what the reaction might have been if the judge named were Judge Reinhardt. I don’t think Professor Volokh’s response would have been different, but I suspect other media would have picked up the story. (Next, on Fox News: Liberal judge on crazy Ninth Circuit caught with horribly disgusting images!)
6.13.2008 2:18pm
kiniyakki (mail):
Good assessment. The only comment I would add is that it is unfortunate people rush to think one thing represents everything there is about a person. Gary Anderson believes this incident "surely ... tells us something about Kozinski's character, and his kinda twisted family relationship." Why? Does this really tell you that much about a person's life?
6.13.2008 2:19pm
Ex-Fed (mail) (www):
Prof. Volokh:

1. I don't think him having something pornographic -- even if it becomes public that he had it -- requires recusal.

2. L.A. Brave's clarification of what was in the video that some news sources referred to as "bestiality" secual conduct related to an animal settles my concern about that issue. (If he had something that could reasonably be described as bestiality, and it became public, there's a reasonable argument that his impartiality could be called into question, as the government will likely be arguing before him that bestiality is inherently obscene under the Miller test).

3. I'm a little more concerned about his response to the media questions (even if those questions were uniformed). I understand he said this when asked about the content of the computer: “‘Is it prurient? I don’t know what to tell you,’ he said. ‘I think it’s odd and interesting. It’s part of life.’” The reference to purience is a reference to the elements of the Miller test, it seems. I think that the entire discussion with the media on the issue when the obscenity case was pending was unfortunate, and that discussing purience as applied to such pictures during the trial could arguably call impartiality into question.

But I think it is a subject on which reasonable minds could differ.
6.13.2008 2:26pm
mls (www):
"Finally, I do wonder what the reaction might have been if the judge named were Judge Reinhardt. I don’t think Professor Volokh’s response would have been different, but I suspect other media would have picked up the story. (Next, on Fox News: Liberal judge on crazy Ninth Circuit caught with horribly disgusting images!)"


Actually, Fox had pretty much exactly that segment on Kozinski, although they may have assumed that he was a liberal wacko since he sits on the 9th Circuit.
6.13.2008 2:32pm
tvk:
When I first saw the LAT's description of the offending materials, I thought they were borderline obscene. Whether high-ranking government officials are entitled to privacy depends, for better or worse, on what they do with that privacy. Finding out that our judges have an unfortunate taste for porn is Too Much Information; finding out that our judges have seriously creepy tastes for highly offensive porn, however, would be a different matter in my book, possibly becoming more newsworthy.

For a liberal, and for anyone who criticized the Clinton impeachment on the basis that the prosecutors had no business ever asking whether Clinton had a consensual sexual relationship with an adult intern in the first place (the "if they never asked inappropriate questions, Clinton wouldn't have had to lie about it in the answers" reasoning), which I think includes every LAT editor, there is a serious question of hypocracy here. I cannot see how one can argue that Clinton is entitled to privacy but Kozinski is not.
6.13.2008 2:36pm
Alex Blackwell (mail):
OK, people are saying, it was careless of Kozinski not to make sure that the site (which was apparently managed by one of Kozinski's grown sons) was properly secured. Sure, in retrospect, whenever something leads to this sort of media circus, by definition one would have been wise to take more care to prevent it.

I respect your opinion, Mr. Volokh, and I certainly admire your passionate defense of Chief Judge Kozinski. I would expect nothing less from a former clerk.

I'll offer my $0.02, however.

I disagree with the view that the criticism of the lack of security at alex.kosinski.com is somehow unjustified because it is ex post facto. The fact that someone, even a disgruntled someone, could access a poorly secured website is, in my opinion, entirely foreseeable. If this was Justice Souter, who might still be using a quill pen and writing by candlelight, I might be more sympathetic. But given Chief Judge Kozinski's reputation, deserved or not, as being one of the most tech-savvy jurists (e.g., smoking out David Lat as Article 3 Groupie by sending emails to determine the IP header), I find it hard to believe that he, of all people, would argue that this criticism is unreasonable.
6.13.2008 2:37pm
anonymouseducator:
My issue is with the fact that he thinks a joke that was at best slightly humorous when it first appeared in 1988, at a Key West shirt stand, is "a funny joke."

That's not a quirky sense of humor, its a terrible one.

That said, this whole thing really is a non-story.
6.13.2008 2:40pm
BF (www):
6.13.2008 2:41pm
Gary Anderson (mail):
Not having a well-developed sense of humor (and I'd certainly quibble over your definition of such) is hardly grounds for recusal, much less social opprobrium.

There's plenty of critical commentary on comedy, and I think that your views of comedy are well outside the mainstream critical view.


Tell me about it William. That's my point, exactly. The current "mainstream" human is set at randy steer, fellatio, and fart jokes, it seem. Which surely appeals to the 14-year-olds in the audience...

My theory? If you don't get this stuff at 14, chances are you delay gratification. And thus, when your own boy comes across and starts "collecting", you're in on the game too. Best to let 14 year olds be 14 year olds, and then they don't find themselves stuck on this level of humor years into the future. It's cheap really, and think of all the truly grown up sexual humor and sights you might be missing out on because you're so busy spending time with the boys trading at this level.

Again, I guess you have to know better/see better to understand why it should be kind of embarrassing to admit you wasted file storage space on this stuff. (Not for Yale -- he's still a kid, right? But for his Daddy. "Grow up a bit Judge? -- it's like eating good. It only gets better")
6.13.2008 2:42pm
great unknown (mail):
The true measure of Kozinski's ethical stature and fitness is that he has called for a Board of Ethics investigation of his website. When was the last time a jurist/politician/public figure caught in an ostensibly compromising position has done that?
6.13.2008 2:48pm
Gary Anderson (mail):
Why? Does this really tell you that much about a person's life?

It tells me a lot -- and I suspect I'm very much in the American mainstream on this one -- that father/son allegedly "shared" this material.

Sorry, but I don't think for a minute that's something most American boys and dad's are open about. And personally, I think that's a good thing for the "different stages/growing up" reasons given above.

Just like too many divorced moms from the same generation seem to be a bit too ... intimate with their sons, making them the little men in their lives, I think the generations are better off recognizing there are some traditional family boundary lines that probably should be respected, if you want all parties to grow up in a healthy manner and all.

Father/son shared smut sites? What's next? Buying the kid's condoms for him, and playing wing man at his next party? Grow up boomer mama's and daddies -- your kids deserve their own chance, and if you don't, odds are, they won't .

Fwiw

Btw: I'd be curious what MRS. Volokh thinks of this relevation of the man who married her? Again surely legal and all too human, buy most of us kinda want to preserve that ideal about the mature representation the person who marries us represents.
6.13.2008 2:48pm
gattsuru (mail) (www):
I'm sorry, but I don't quite buy the "publicly private" distinction. We are talking about files with no password protection, IP address whitelisting, or any other real security mechanism on a web site.

There are a lot of options available if you want to keep web page access limited to a certain group of people, or at least require a reasonably hefty amount of time to crack, without getting very technical. The man didn't do so here.

It's not horrible or problematic stuff, but I have a reasonable bit of difficulty finding it to be particularly private.
6.13.2008 2:49pm
William Spieler (mail) (www):
The 1950s called, they want their Gary Anderson back.
6.13.2008 2:50pm
Smokey:
This sort of activity [snitching on someone who represents one of the pillars of our society and government] by the improper and outrageous use of extremely frail, questionable 'evidence', is part and parcel of a larger problem, which encompasses much of what is happening in the West. In earlier decades this kind of baseless character assassination would never have been tolerated by anyone either in the legal profession or in the press. Mr. Sinai should be disbarred for his actions. But this is 2008, so he'll probably skate.

Why? Because we're in the late stages of demoralization. The evidence is everywhere: the complete ownership of Congress by the environmental movement, which deliberately hobbles the country, and while the price of gasoline is absolutely crushing the average working family, by denying use of the hundreds of billions of barrels of recoverable oil under our jurisdiction, and which fights tooth and nail every proposal for clean nuclear power plants, which would provide the cheapest energy by far of all possible alternatives; the radicalization of many of our universities by "politically correct" intolerant faculty tyrants; the fanning of the anti-jewish flames, which are now spreading from the Middle East through the United Nations in direct violation of its Charter; the polarization of every aspect of American politics and jurisprudence, including Judge Kozinsky's casual personal destruction, abetted by a complicit media; the same media's total adulation of a flat-out Marxist presidential candidate, and the daily pass given by its refusal to ask any pointed questions or demand any explanation for questionable statements, proposed policies, actions or associations; the total intolerance of freedom of speech by groups like the UN and Canadian Human Rights Commissions - with the mass-murdering dictator Robert Mugabe, of all people, wielding power; the total and complete corruption of the UN and its propaganda arm, the IPCC proposing a "World Tax" of over $100 billion per year [for starters] to be paid by into the corrupt and opaque UN by U.S. taxpayers; the deliberate gridlock-induced infighting that allows the flood of millions of citizens of foreign nations to continue to rise exponentially year over year - exactly as happened just prior to the Dark Ages, when Rome failed to turn back the illegal Germanic tribes in the 4th - 5th centuries that settled on Roman territory; the corruption of the American voting franchise, allowing citizens of foreign nations to vote on our laws, representatives and taxes, etc., etc. And etc.

I worked at one of the giant U.S. defense contractors for 30 years. Mr. Bezmenov [in the link above] was invited by the Board of Directors to speak to the employees of the company following the fall of the Berlin Wall, and he traveled the country explaining to company employees the inner workings of the Soviet KGB. Mr. Bezmenov gave essentially the same facts in 1992 as he does here, but in much greater detail. He answered every question in a straightforward manner. At the time, company employees [like most everyone] had the feeling that the West had won the Cold War, and it was over. After all, the old Soviet Union had a population of well over 300 million, while Russia today has only about 141 million. Bezmenov asked if anyone believed that by changing the initials "KGB" to "FSB", that the long term KGB plan to demoralize the West, particularly the U.S., had been put on the shelf. He answered his own question by pointing out Yuri Andropov -- KGB officer. And now Russia is controlled by Vladimir Putin, also a high ranking KGB [oh, 'scuse me, an 'FSB'] officer.

It's a shame that Judge Kozinsky is now being devoured by the long term KGB plan, which was initially implemented in the 1950's, after Russia realized that world communism could not be achieved by military force. Their plan has been spectacularly effective, as anyone, such as Judge Kozinsky, can see by looking at the results.
6.13.2008 2:51pm
gwinje:
BF:

For all this, maybe it was just a clever ploy by Kozinski to not have to sit through a trial with hours and hours of bestiality and poo-porn.
6.13.2008 2:53pm
Erick:
The holier than thou BS about senses of humor is really tiresome. If you really can't laugh at any of this you're the one that has a problem. Enjoying cheap fart jokes doesn't mean you can't enjoy better things as well. It also doesn't mean you're a terrible person or you lack judgment. We've got years and years of writings and speeches to judge Kozinski on, why would you go through some tortuous exercise of trying to tie his sense of humor to his worth as a judge or human being when you have much better metrics available?
6.13.2008 2:53pm
L.A. Brave:
Basically, Kozinski has the sense of humor or someone in their mid-20s. Because if you are in your mid-20s you've already seen almost all of these pictures and videos in some form or another. That is because your friends constantly send them to you over email, instant message, and facebook. Really, I'd say most of the stuff is pretty damn tame. I say good for him. Maintaining a good youthful sense of humor is good evidence that you have also maintained "abstract reasoning, short-term memory, and cognitive flexibility."

Gary Anderson: Honestly, you sound like am miserably humorless person. For some reason I'm imagining you as the dad in FCC v. Pacifica Foundation.
6.13.2008 2:53pm
The Ghost of Xmas Past (mail):
My, we are a country of Puritans.

I'm not a fan of Kozinski, so I guess I should be thrilled.. but alas I just think it's another example of people looking for a reason to be morally outraged.
6.13.2008 3:03pm
Chris Newman (mail):
I'm perplexed by this recurring claim that certain pictures were "degrading to women and the religious." Why should every depiction or criticism of an individual be treated as an implied assertion about the entire group or one's attitude toward an entire group? Why are pictures making fun of the Catholic church's pedophilic priest scandal "degrading" to the "religious" in general? How does a silly or sexually explicit picture of a woman imply that all women are to be regarded in that way, or that this way of looking at a woman (even the woman depicted) is the only relevant one? This is the same logical fallacy underlying the feminist attack on pornography, which takes the basic irreducible fact that the female body is an object of male sexual desire and extrapolates from it the notion that any male so affected is thereby "objectifying" women, i.e., viewing them as "objects" in the sense that they lack volition and rights. Some men do view women that way, no doubt about it. And some may express that view using sexual imagery. But plenty of men love and cherish women as equal human beings--and STILL enjoy seeing explicit pictures of them. And some people enjoy offensive humor--sometimes despite its offensiveness, and sometimes precisely because its very offensiveness makes it funny. I agree that judges need to maintain an appearance (as well as a reality) of impartiality, but if viewing this kind of material destroys impartiality, so would, say, watching South Park, or the Daily Show, or reading the vituperative comments on the Huffington Blog, or a thousand other things. Just because explicit sexuality short-circuits your critical faculties doesn't mean it has that effect on everyone. Unless judges are not to have the same rights of free thought and free speech as the rest of us whose rights we expect them to protect, it seems to me that you need some other contextual evidence before using stuff like this to impugn their impartiality. Show me the articles or opinions by Judge K that evince a pattern of animus against women, or gays, or religious people, or auto-fellaters, and then try to fit some specific image into your case. Should judges whose homes contain environmentalist literature be recused from challenges to environmental regulation?

[Full disclosure: I'm an ex clerk as well.]
6.13.2008 3:05pm
jrww (mail):

Show me the articles or opinions by Judge K that evince a pattern of animus against women, or gays, or religious people, or auto-fellaters, and then try to fit some specific image into your case.

I think you may have it backwards here. Wouldn't the test be whether Judge Kozinski is aroused by pubescent auto-fellators, not whether he bears an animus towards them? In the previous thread Orin has outlined some of the child pornography tests.
6.13.2008 3:16pm
Splunge:
That Kozinski downloaded titillating and shocking images bugs me a whole lot less than that he didn't take even the elementary steps needed to keep -- not a talented hacker but a lawyer, fer Christ's sake -- from penetrating (sorry) his private system.

I mean, the former just means he's one of us, a sinner, a regular human being, not a robot. But the latter is dangerously irresponsible. He's net-savvy enough to register his own domain, but not enough to turn off the servers on his computer, or turn on the firewall, or at least turn off anonymous (non-password-protected) access to the stuff? WTF? Where else does he fly by the seat of his pants with new technology, not taking the trouble to learn about its major risks and limitations? I would not want to be litigating a case that involves modern computing in his courtroom.

But surely even otherwise reasonable people might fail to plan for their enemies' rummaging around through the files on a private family server.

No, they don't. This is equivalent to saying that "otherwise reasonable" people drive the family van without making the kids put their seat belts on. That is, "otherwise reasonable" is here a functional synonym for "unreasonable" or "careless."

There may not be any harm in having your enemy slip your private spicy photos to the newsboys -- but this is just the tip of the iceberg. What else does Kozinksi have on his private computer, that could be found by a more talented and dangerous hacker? Private e-mail from friends, other judges, revealing home location, or names and addresses of college-age children? Could be useful to a psychotic defendant, with tragic results. Stored passwords to his official e-mail account? Stored surfing history, including stuff he's looked up in the course of thinking about a case on which he's ruling? Very useful to the right defendant. You'd be amazed what can be dug out of your computer by a good hacker, once he has access to it, and the chances that Kozinksi has kept a perfectly impermeable barrier between every aspect of his personal and professional life are about zero. Even CIA spies trained to do so find it difficult.

Professor Volt's protestation is also a bit rich coming from a member of the legal profession, which is all about lecturing the poor sods standing in the Courtroom, looking at their shoes, about their criminal (as it turned out) failure to think out the consequences of their actions. Too many of us have stood in those shoes for there to be a whole lot of public sympathy for a judge (even a very good and decent judge) hoist by his profession's own petard.
6.13.2008 3:19pm
Amused:
In fairness, the dockey in the video as linked to in the post does appear to be sexually aroused, as opposed to simply having had his anger aroused (perhaps it was both), and seemed to be trying, with some limited success at the very end, to mount the poor fellow who could not wait for a proper restroom. Would the attempted bestial "rape" of an unwilling human count as obscenity? Anyone who has ever owned a dog that was inclined to hump people's legs would probably say no and that it was just plain funny and more than a little absurd. Sorry, Mr. Anderson, I still have not purged my juvenile sense of humor either. I am not really working on it either.
6.13.2008 3:25pm
Malthus:
I hope the judge gets defrocked. In Amerika, it's only when the priests, judges, legislators and presidents get hoisted by their petards that the stupid-ass oppressive laws get changed. This country has a long way to go to escape its religious sex obsessions, so we will have to see a lot of great men, like Clinton and Kozinski, fall, and there should be at least one for every condemned black man who just happened to be near the scene of a crime.
6.13.2008 3:29pm
William Spieler (mail) (www):
It's not even that he didn't make it not anonymous, he didn't use a .htaccess file with Options -Indexes

A bit easier than figuring out chmod

I'd point out, though, that I really doubt that this was his personal computer (much less anyone else's personal computer. Most likely, Yale Kozinski bought some commercially-provided consumer-grade hosting that allows for subdomains, and set one up for his father. I'd presume that the e-mail address alex@kozinski.com would have been used by him for personal e-mail, but a hacker obtaining access to the server would find, at most, only those e-mails still resident on the server (which would be none, as most clients by default delete e-mail from the server upon retrieval, I believe).
6.13.2008 3:29pm
MadHatChemist:
Oh the irony! The people who usually defend people having and usingstuff far worse then was on the judge's server turn around and attack him for having it...just because he was appointed by a Republican?

He has long been a defender of free speach. He is no hypocryte. The people attacking him are.
6.13.2008 3:30pm
Alex84:
I just don't get why people keep stuff like this or continue to get "off color" emails when they are in these positions.

I have a friend who used to send me semi-pornographic humor when we were in college, but when I got a real job, I said "dude, you have to take me off of your email list now"

It's common sense!! The higher power you are, the more people hate you, especially a judge!!

yeah, the lawyer's rummaging may be wrong, and Kozinski may have a strong case for his innocence, but for why even risk it. It's akin to all these moron politicians who charge hookers on company cards!!
6.13.2008 3:31pm
Dave Hardy (mail) (www):
"if it had to happen it's a shame it couldn't be visited on a judge (left or right) who lacks Kozinksi's healthy respect for freedom of speech and thought, and for privacy."

Yep. Now, if it'd happened to Warren Burger, it might be amusing. As it is, some vengeful clown cracks a website...

"Wouldn't the test be whether Judge Kozinski is aroused by pubescent auto-fellators, not whether he bears an animus towards them? "

More likely found it amusing as "bet you thought this was impossible." I still can't figure out how anyone could bend their spine that far.
6.13.2008 3:32pm
William Spieler (mail) (www):
It's more akin to buying Playboy on a private credit card, both in that a) it's legal, and b) he used personal, not employment, equipment.
6.13.2008 3:32pm
Gary Anderson (mail):
Enjoying cheap fart jokes doesn't mean you can't enjoy better things as well. It also doesn't mean you're a terrible person or you lack judgment. We've got years and years of writings and speeches to judge Kozinski on, why would you go through some tortuous exercise of trying to tie his sense of humor to his worth as a judge or human being when you have much better metrics available?

I'm hardly a Puritan, but sorry folks. It's creepy to think you would turn your kid on to stuff like this, or that you'd encourage your kid to collect and share such stuff with you. And yeah, fart jokes past say 16 are a waste of time. Think of all the better more adult pleasures you could be experiencing .. and your boy-child too, if you haven't stunted his growth by being too close a good Daddy.
6.13.2008 3:34pm
Volokh Groupie:
I should have been clear in the earlier post--everything about this story actually heightens my admiration for Judge Kozinski.

By the way, points to Gary Anderson for being the official dick/troll of the thread. If only we were all as grown up as him.
6.13.2008 3:35pm
William Spieler (mail) (www):
Am I the only one concerned about Gary Anderson's reference to adult pleasures with one's son in comments directed in significant part to a discussion about child pornography?

Or does that reflect an immature sense of humor?

Someone help me out here.
6.13.2008 3:37pm
Smokey:
Apologies for getting carried away on the 2:51 post. I started it when there were no comments and it took on a life of its own [not that I'd retract any of it as being untrue].

After reading the whole thread, I concur most with Erick:
...We've got years and years of writings and speeches [by] judge Kozinski... why would you go through some tortuous exercise of trying to tie his sense of humor to his worth as a judge or human being when you have much better metrics available?
6.13.2008 3:38pm
Gary Anderson (mail):
Sorry, Mr. Anderson, I still have not purged my juvenile sense of humor either. I am not really working on it either.

No problem. But if you go taking one of those respectable public servant positions, consider growing up a bit first and letting your humor tastes mature past bathroom jokes? Otherwise, you might just find your good character and judgement in question. And if the reports of a mistrial are true, you might just be costing the regular Joe Blow Taxpayer a bit of money. Plus, think of your poor kid who's never gonna grow up if Daddy don't.
6.13.2008 3:40pm
b10621:

Malthus: I hope the judge gets defrocked. In Amerika, it's only when the priests, judges, legislators and presidents get hoisted by their petards that the stupid-ass oppressive laws get changed. This country has a long way to go to escape its religious sex obsessions, so we will have to see a lot of great men, like Clinton and Kozinski, fall, and there should be at least one for every condemned black man who just happened to be near the scene of a crime.


Amerika? Please. Which "stupid-ass oppressive laws" would you like to see changed here? How are black men at all relevant to this discussion?

If you have a coherent point to make, then please make it, but if you just want to rant, please go elsewhere.
6.13.2008 3:42pm
Ken Arromdee:
I think the idea is not just that having the porn is bad, but that having the porn shows something wrong with his attitude. It's like saying in private that you think all Jews should be burned at the stake. If someone bugs your house to find out that you said that, they're invading your privacy, but the problem isn't really that you said it, but that you think it; those thoughts influence your public actions.

This is not to say that having porn does show that the man has warped ideas, but whether it does or doesn't has to be argued based on the exact nature of the porn; a blanket "it's in private so it shouldn't matter" isn't a reason to dismiss the argument.
6.13.2008 3:43pm
Bill Poser (mail) (www):
I agree with Eugene. It doesn't reflect badly on Judge Kozinski that he has a sense of humor and it is nobody's business. There's nothing to see here. Move on. There are lots of real problems in the world that need attention. This isn't one of them.

On the legal front, didn't Sanai commit a crime in accessing these files without authorization?
6.13.2008 3:45pm
SenatorX (mail):
Man tries to crap in field and gets assulted by horny donkey (I watched the video on youtube). -not beastiality

Man in priest costume has stuffed doll of alter boy performing oral sex - tastless comedy referring to rampant child abuse by clergy - not child pornography

Two women painted like cows with a milk jug in a field. -not beastiality

Overall just typical internet stuff, the human race is pretty funny, thankfully!

All pretty boring really. I thought the Bush sign and the stained glass in the church were funny though.
6.13.2008 3:48pm
ejo:
finding out that a judge said such things as you mentioned would surely not be a problem either-after all, not liking jews is legal, right? we couldn't consider it a sign of poor character, right? after all, he might just be acting a bit irreverent and really mean it in the nature of satire.
6.13.2008 3:51pm
William Spieler (mail) (www):
ejo:

One of these things is not like the others
One of these things just doesn't belong
Can you tell which thing is not like the others
By the time I finish my song?
6.13.2008 3:55pm
Anderson (mail):
Thanks for the post -- understandable you were reluctant, but the topic is an important one.

Agreed completely that this material was meant to be private, should've been private, and (IMHO) the law should keep it private.

That said, I agree w/ Patterico that the .mp3 files are more "troubling" than any of the pix. They may of course have all been legally purchased -- I'm sure 5 people in America do that, and Judge Kozinski may've been one of them.
6.13.2008 4:00pm
Tony Tutins (mail):
the .mp3 files are more "troubling" than any of the pix. They may of course have all been legally purchased

At least one of them must have been ripped from a wax cylinder. Well, maybe a 78. The judge had only one post-1972 tune as I recall.
6.13.2008 4:03pm
autolykos:

The whole thing is way overblown, and the LA Times reporting on it was very deceptive. It borders on false light to suggest that there video of a "half-dressed man cavorting with a sexually aroused farm animal," obviously trying to make a connection with the bestiality allegations in the trial he is presiding over.


At the very least, the LA Times owes Kazinski a retraction. The man in the video wasn't "cavorting" with the donkey. While my guess is that the person who wrote the story simply isn't that intelligent and misused a five dollar word, but it's still incorrect and misleading and it wasn't until I saw the video (though I've seen the same video before) that I had any idea what the author was trying to say.

Otherwise I agree whole-heartedly with Prof. Volokh. This is a non-story and it's unfortunate the judge has to waste his time dealing with it.
6.13.2008 4:07pm
kiniyakki (mail):
Maybe somebody already spoke to this, but is this really father/son sharing? I took the description to mean that Kozinski's son maintains a family mainframe-type computer, with storage space alloted to everybody in the family, and Kozinski puts stuff on his storage space. For example, at my work, the State maintains the server, and I save documents there. But, it doesn't necessarily mean that anybody besides me is accessing it. Anybody know?
6.13.2008 4:08pm
one of many:
Just a quick question, has "post" become a synonym for saving a file? I thought posting was akin to publication, like posting a notice, and in no way resembled storing a file. Just asking because the LATimes story on Judge K. declaring a mistrial uses "post" but everything I've seen indicates it was just file storage.
6.13.2008 4:09pm
ejo:
yes, you don't care, one way or the other, about the judge's legal practice of having porn on his computer and think it says absolutely nothing about his character because, gosh darn it, he has a track record of brilliant legal scholarship. those that do are ignorant prudes, right?
6.13.2008 4:14pm
Bob from Ohio (mail):
Cyrus Sanai does not seem like much of a lawyer but he sure is a bulldog at revenge.

Serves Kazinski right, though.

He went out of his way to embarass Sanai in the opinion that started this. My impression is that Kazinski seems to like abusing people in his opinions.

Now Kazinski is embarrased by a target. Seem fair to me.
6.13.2008 4:16pm
theobromophile (www):
Prof. Volokh - very glad that you decided to post about this. Yes, you are biased, but your bias is precisely what makes you an excellent person to discuss this subject. You are not biased because you, yourself, have been in such a position; you're biased because you've known Judge Kozinski for many years. It is the bias of knowledge, not prejudice.

It seems as if the best anyone can say about this scandal is that he has a brilliant legal mind and that his opinions, not his website, speak for his judicial (and perhaps personal) temperment. It's incredibly sad, because it seems as if everyone who is so fortunate as to cross paths with Judge Kozinski speaks highly of his character. That is as relevant, if not more so, to his competence as a jurist than a cow picture that may or may not have been posted to a private internet directory by him (or his son).

One small addition:
We should all leave Kozinski to his own privately expressed sense of humor, as we'd like the world to leave us to ours.

Really, let's not tamper with AK's humour. He's wonderfully amusing, and it would be a shame if this mess put a damper on it.
6.13.2008 4:16pm
Edward A. Hoffman (mail):
Bill Poser wrote:
On the legal front, didn't Sanai commit a crime in accessing these files without authorization?
Yes. He violated at least one provision of California Penal Code section 502(c):
(c) Except as provided in subdivision (h), any person who commits any of the following acts is guilty of a public offense:
(1) Knowingly accesses and without permission alters, damages, deletes, destroys, or otherwise uses any data, computer, computer system, or computer network in order to either (A) devise or execute any scheme or artifice to defraud, deceive, or extort, or (B)wrongfully control or obtain money, property, or data.
(2) Knowingly accesses and without permission takes, copies, or makes use of any data from a computer, computer system, or computer network, or takes or copies any supporting documentation, whether existing or residing internal or external to a computer, computer system, or computer network.
(3) Knowingly and without permission uses or causes to be used computer services.
(4) Knowingly accesses and without permission adds, alters, damages, deletes, or destroys any data, computer software, or computer programs which reside or exist internal or external to a computer, computer system, or computer network.
(5) Knowingly and without permission disrupts or causes the disruption of computer services or denies or causes the denial of computer services to an authorized user of a computer, computer system, or computer network.
(6) Knowingly and without permission provides or assists in providing a means of accessing a computer, computer system, or computer network in violation of this section.
(7) Knowingly and without permission accesses or causes to be accessed any computer, computer system, or computer network.
(8) Knowingly introduces any computer contaminant into any computer, computer system, or computer network.
(9) Knowingly and without permission uses the Internet domain name of another individual, corporation, or entity in connection with the sending of one or more electronic mail messages, and thereby damages or causes damage to a computer, computer system, or computer network.

Disclaimer -- I, too, have known Judge Kozinski for a long time. Among other connections, he was one of my professors in law school. My most recent conversation with him was just last week (at a continuing legal education program), though it had nothing to do with this controversy.
6.13.2008 4:19pm
M. Gross (mail):
I wonder if the litigant in question peered at the ROBOTS.TXT file for the server?

I've always kind of questioned the wisdom of the things... after all, it's a list of files you don't want crawlers looking at... which often implies the contents are of interest to humans...
6.13.2008 4:22pm
alkali (mail):
It's creepy to think you would turn your kid on to stuff like this, or that you'd encourage your kid to collect and share such stuff with you. And yeah, fart jokes past say 16 are a waste of time.

I couldn't agree more. I would comment further but my father and I are going to engage in some morally-upright bonding by watching a good old fashioned Western together. I think it's called Blazing Saddles.
6.13.2008 4:23pm
Perseus (mail):
which I think includes every LAT editor, there is a serious question of hypocracy here.

Based on the LA Times editorial on the matter, it is Judge Kozinski's alleged own hypocrisy that appears to be part of its rationale for covering the story (which is tediously predictable for liberal media outlets like LAT):

The controversy about the site, to which Kozinski blocked public access after a story by Times reporter Scott Glover, would be less engrossing were the judge not so highhanded when holding forth on judicial propriety or taking apart a legal argument. The story might have a higher profile on TV and radio [i.e. Fox News and Rush Limbaugh] if he were a supposedly typical 9th Circuit liberal, rather than one of the nation's most brilliant conservative legal scholars. But it makes no difference whether the person with the porn site is left or right, smart or dull, a judge or anybody else.
6.13.2008 4:28pm
Malthus:
No, this is not a "non-story" as Eugene and a lot of you would like to think. The story is this: we who love the liberty lost in this country celebrate (as does Bin Laden, but for his own reasons) any finding that those of great stature have feet of clay. There are a lots of lessons the Amerikan people need to learn, and tolerance for folks and sex positions they don't understand comes right at the top of the list, as any normal European or Brazilian has already figured out.

You lawyers are the last to learn, it seems.
6.13.2008 4:28pm
CJColucci:
I've been buried under work, so I haven't seen the news coverage beyond the bare minimum, and I haven't looked at the porn itself, so I have to ask: who, exactly, is giving Judge K a hard time about this? Sure, he's embarrassed and will be the butt -- heh, heh, he said "butt" -- of jokes, but that's fair game. Is anyone giving him any serious grief, and, if so, who?
6.13.2008 4:36pm
TDPerkins (mail):

yes, you don't care, one way or the other, about the judge's legal practice of having porn on his computer and think it says absolutely nothing about his character because, gosh darn it, he has a track record of brilliant legal scholarship


The descriptions of those saved files leaves me certain there was no porn, and that you need as stunted a sexual development as Anderson has a vestigial sense of humor to think otherwise.

Yours, TDP, ml, msl, &pfpp
6.13.2008 4:43pm
Gary Anderson is unbearable:
Just want to chime in and join the chorus telling Gary Anderson that he seems to be an utterly unbearable person to be around and doesnt seem to have any understanding of what the precise issue is here.

Just because Kozinski and his son both used that site and because there were gross/immature pictures on that site doesn't mean that Kozinski was "turning his son on" to anything that was inappropriate.
6.13.2008 4:46pm
pete (mail) (www):

On the legal front, didn't Sanai commit a crime in accessing these files without authorization?


I sure hope not since I Have done similar snooping on other websites looking for files (not files quite like this, however). I have no I idea who owned some of these sites and in some cases I am pretty sure the owners just had poorly organized websites and had not set up links properly and could care less that I was looking at them. If you put something on the web, but do not do something as simple as password protect it, then it is assumed up for graps for antyone to look at.


The whole thing is way overblown, and the LA Times reporting on it was very deceptive. It borders on false light to suggest that there video of a "half-dressed man cavorting with a sexually aroused farm animal," obviously trying to make a connection with the bestiality allegations in the trial he is presiding over.


From just reading the LA Times article yesterday I thought the judge had very wierd sexual tastes what with the aroused animals and women painted like cows and all. The comments here make it sounds like these were all just crass jokes, which is a huge difference from having lots animal and furry prOn on your computer. It is crap like this that reminds me why I loathe most news reporting. I recently read several stories in the local press about my employer and they got key details of a story wrong that could have been fixed if the reporters had spent 30 seconds looking up the the main item of the story in google. In this case I suspect it may have been intentionally misleading since many readers like me would be reluctant to look up the pictures on our own because of how they are described.
6.13.2008 4:49pm
ejo:
stunted-nope, married with kids. hope I would be smart enough, should I get those darn hilarious youtube posts (is something being on youtube a legal defense?), to delete them before my kids see them and to retain some sense of shame if I didn't. as stunted as I apparently am, I appear to have more maturity than this exalted black robe sitting on the Court of Appeals.

if it's not criminal, it is an embarassment. however, with this judge, it doesn't appear that shame exists.
6.13.2008 4:49pm
CrazyTrain (mail):
I don't think your comments show bias; they show reason.

Yes, but I don't think that's the point. The point is that Volokh's views of this are clearly colored by his relationship with Kozinski. I doubt that his views would be as passionate if he did not have that relationship with Kozinski. Of course, that does not make his views wrong (I agree with them), and it does not mean that being passionate makes the views less right -- the best defenders are often ones who have a lot of motivation to defend. Had Volokh posted this without the preamble re his relationship with Kozinski, though, it would have looked odd and would have taken away from his defense.
6.13.2008 4:53pm
TDPerkins (mail):

and tolerance for folks and sex positions they don't understand comes right at the top of the list


The point is Malthus, that we should have no tolerance for actual child or bestiality—unlike presumably such benighted Europeans as do—and that this should be a non-story because there is no such thing here.

TDP, ml, msl, &pfpp
6.13.2008 4:56pm
CrazyTrain (mail):
hope I would be smart enough, should I get those darn hilarious youtube posts (is something being on youtube a legal defense?), to delete them before my kids see them and to retain some sense of shame if I didn't. as stunted as I apparently am, I appear to have more maturity than this exalted black robe sitting on the Court of Appeals.

First of all, they are adult children. Secondly, it's none of your business how he raises his kids even if they weren't of legal age.
6.13.2008 4:56pm
pete (mail) (www):
Edward A. Hoffman, which one did he break? He did not damage the system. And he did not break in. The files were not password protected or in any way blocked. He put them up on the web, its just that did not advertise them in any way.
6.13.2008 4:56pm
Crunchy Frog:
To those arguing against recusal:

a) Stuff much tamer than this would get a juror kicked during voir dire; and

b) The chances of this being considered grounds for reversal in Reinhardtistan (9th Circuit) are way too high to risk it.
6.13.2008 4:56pm
William Spieler (mail) (www):
Here, to my understanding, is how access to these files was technically obtained:

Judge Kozinski uses the alex.kozinski.com domain to host files that he wants to share with others. These files would typically be stored in various subdirectories. One such file was in a subdirectory called "stuff," such that the full URI would be "http://alex.kozinski.com/stuff/FILENAME.EXTENSION".

This URI would be embedded in a hyperlink in an e-mail that Judge Kozinski used to notify the recipient of the location of the file.

The webserver, that is the computer program that handles requests for webpages, that served the alex.kozinski.com domain was set up to allow for directory indexing. This is a fallback behavior of many webservers that is invoked when a request for the URI of the directory itself is received, and there is no file that is named according to what the webserver expects a default page to be located: typically this file would be "index.html".

The "/stuff" subdirectory on the alex.kozinski.com domain did not contain a file named "index.html". This means that when one requests the URI "http://alex.kozinski.com/stuff/" from the webserver, the webserver looks in the "/stuff" subdirectory for a file named index.html, and failing to find one, returns a listing of all files and folders contained in the subdirectory and hyperlinks thereto.

This is a configuration of the webserver that can be disabled on a directory-by-directory basis by including a file in the directory named ".htaccess" that contains the text "Options -Indexes". If such a file existed in the "/stuff" subdirectory and the webserver were to receive a request for "http://alex.kozinski.com/stuff/", the webserver would respond with an error page.

No subterfuge is required. The webserver, as configured, would respond to a query for the subdirectory with a listing. Such a query was received, such a response was sent, and here we are.
6.13.2008 4:58pm
Kazinski:
Bob from Ohio:

Serves Kazinski right, though.

He went out of his way to embarass Sanai in the opinion that started this. My impression is that Kazinski seems to like abusing people in his opinions.

Now Kazinski is embarrased by a target. Seem fair to me.

I think you mean Kozinski, not Kazinski, none of my embarrassments have been made public yet. I hope when they are, they're as innocuous as Kozinski's.
6.13.2008 5:00pm
TDPerkins (mail):
in the phrase "actual child or bestiality"

insert "porn" between "child" and "or"

TDP, ml, msl, &pfpp
6.13.2008 5:01pm
Javert:
Your post is an act of justice.

One quibble.

What I say on the matter will naturally and properly be discounted because of my bias.

Having a personal interest in another person's well being does not necessarily make one incapable of being objective. You presented the facts and gave good arguments. Why undercut yourself?
6.13.2008 5:11pm
theobromophile (www):
Is anyone giving him any serious grief, and, if so, who?

Concerned Women for America is calling for his resignation, and, failing that, impeachment proceedings. While the group has little to no ability to carry that out, it would fall under the heading of "grief." Judge Kozinski foreclosed other avenues when he voluntarily recused himself from the trial and asked for a full investigation into the matter. Whether that investigation brings further grief and embarrassment to the judge remains to be seen.

As for the father/son thing - who cares? Yale is grown, married, and has a kid. He's an adult who is more than capable of loosening the apron strings (or robes, if you will), but has, apparently, chosen not to. The fact that one's grown children choose to have a close relationship with their parents reflects well, not badly, on the parents in question.

There is no evidence that they shared the dirty jokes or pictures in question, just that they both used the server for storage. It's much like keeping your junk in the same basement.
6.13.2008 5:28pm
Richard W. Painter (mail):
Why is a lawyer going through a judge's private computer files? I would investigate the lawyer, not the judge. There are countries where judges can be intimidated by invasions of their privacy and threats to remove them from the bench for "misconduct". The United States is not one of them. In this Country, lawyers sworn to uphold the law should respect the privacy of all persons, including judges.

Richard W. Painter
6.13.2008 5:34pm
Edward A. Hoffman (mail):
pete wrote:
Edward A. Hoffman, which one did he break? He did not damage the system. And he did not break in. The files were not password protected or in any way blocked. He put them up on the web, its just that did not advertise them in any way.
If I leave my front door open and someone walks in despite knowing he was not invited, that would be trespassing. Your point that there was no password does not mean the public is welcome to look at the files, just as my open front door does not mean the public is free to enter my home.

Which subsection Sanai violated will depend upon the details. We do not yet have a reliable account of those details, so I can't answer your question. At a minimum, though, it seems he violated section 501(c)(7). That provision involves only accessing files without permission regardless of whether or how the defendant uses them. Permission is key; the lack of password protection is not the same thing. Even a person who knows the password but who also knows he is not welcome to access the files would violate this section if he accessed them anyway.
6.13.2008 5:37pm
Le Messurier (mail):
To Gary Anderson:

EV wrote:

OK, people are saying, it was careless of Kozinski not to make sure that the site (which was apparently managed by one of Kozinski's grown sons) was properly secured.
Emphasis added.

And you criticize the judge for having some distorted relationship with his own son? Who is an adult? Get a life. Like someone previously indicated, we are not in the '50's. (And I LOVED the '50's... The golden age of America.)
6.13.2008 5:48pm
Correction forthcoming from Prof. Volokh?:
Prof Volokh claims: "The controversial files on that server aren't linked to from the Web, and aren't indexed on search engines."

As comments by Patterico and William Spieler have demonstrated, the site most definitely WAS indexed and did have links to some of the critical files (the mp3 files ).

I hope you post a correction. It's a rather significant error to state that the site was not indexed. That is a clearly incorrect or false assertion.
6.13.2008 5:53pm
Humor?:
If you have viewed some of the images, you would find that many, many of the "jokes" derive their "humor" at the expense of women in degrading and stereotypical ways.

It raises serious questions about Kozinski's fitness as a judge. If I were litigating an employment discrimination claim based on gender bias (say an officer manager who had posted similar images in his office or who couldn't refrain from making repeated "humorous" observations like "gee, Susan, it's awfully 'nipply' in here, huh?"), I would absolutely move to have Kozinski recused from the case. And I think the motion would be proper and have a great deal of merit.

I understand you're biased, but this behavior really was disgraceful.
6.13.2008 5:59pm
Alex Blackwell (mail):
If I leave my front door open and someone walks in despite knowing he was not invited, that would be trespassing.

Extending "brick and mortar" analogies to cyber-trespass is interesting.

In Kozinski's case, not only was the front door open, but Google posted a public X-ray or MRI of the contents of the "house." Others came along and "took pictures" of the contents (i.e., downloaded copies of the files).

At least for the articles directory I directly accessed from Google, and which I noted in another post, there were no disclaimers (i.e., no "NO TRESPASSING" signs).

Is this really trespassing? Or was property "stolen" by downloading copies of the articles?
6.13.2008 6:02pm
TDPerkins (mail):
Humor?, you'd only have a point if Kozinsky was throwing links to the files around at work.

He wasn't.

Yours, TDP, ml, msl, &pfpp
6.13.2008 6:03pm
LM (mail):
Malthus said, "There are a lots of lessons the Amerikan people need to learn, and tolerance for folks and sex positions they don't understand comes right at the top of the list, as any normal European or Brazilian has already figured out."

Beneath its uncongenial presentation, isn't there a germ of truth there? Assuming everything Judge Kozinski had on his site was legal, isn't the conflict question analogous to a judge who gambles legally in Las Vegas sitting in a criminal numbers or bookmaking case (which I'm assuming wouldn't be cause for recusal)? So what's the difference, apart from our puritanical hypocrisy over sex? And I say hypocrisy based on my assumption that a high percentage of American men Kozinski's age have engaged in pre-marital or extra-marital sex, and/or possessed some item(s) of pornography, physical or digital.

BTW, the propriety of his possession of the MP3 files may be a legitimate question, but certainly not germane to the ethical questions that made this newsworthy.
6.13.2008 6:03pm
LM (mail):
Kazinski:

I think you mean Kozinski, not Kazinski, none of my embarrassments have been made public yet. I hope when they are, they're as innocuous as Kozinski's.

I can just imagine the things you've done. Please recuse yourself from the remainder of this thread.
6.13.2008 6:06pm
pete (mail) (www):

If I leave my front door open and someone walks in despite knowing he was not invited, that would be trespassing.


Yes, but a webpage is not a house! Will people please stop using that terrible analogy. The vast majority of house owners only let people into their homes on an invitational basis. The majority of website owners want as many random people as possible to view the website and if they do not want that they usually put up a password protected barrier.


That provision involves only accessing files without permission regardless of whether or how the defendant uses them. Permission is key;


So how do I know I have permission or not? Most people reasonably assume that any website that you can access without a password is open to the public, otherwise why connect to the internet where anyone can view it in the first place. Any time someone with a website got mad at someone looking at their site they could retroactively say "no you did not have permission to view that" and have them arrested. Do we really want to go down that road? Note that Kazinksi now has quite easily blocked the public from viewing these files and previously did not have any messages expressly forbidding the public to have access.
6.13.2008 6:07pm
William Spieler (mail) (www):
Correction forthcoming from Prof. Volokh?:

Well, it was indexed, but only on his own computer, so that's not quite the same thing. Reasonable measures were taken to prevent other indexing services from indexing the content (as robots.txt was used).
6.13.2008 6:10pm
R Gould-Saltman (mail):
Gee, and he's a Marshall H.S. grad, too. What'll I tell my son?

As hilarious an ink-blot test as some of these posts reveal the original story to be (part of the secret Commie plot for world domination? the come-uppance for Kozinski's hubris in oppressing, well, all of the oppressed? Clear signs of inappropriate relationship with his kids?) it's still more than a little troubling that the underlying stuff is being described, with a straight face, as "porn" and "sexually explicit". Anyone here watched FOX programming, let alone cable programming, in the last few years?
BTW, embarrassingly juvenile? Didn't PJ O'Rourke once say "'Sophomoric' is a code word liberals use when they mean 'funny'"? Anyone younger than me look recently at some ofP.J. O'Rourke's literary output in the days before he became a "conservative satirist"? Not all Swftian. I have a vague recollection, for instance, from my days as a h.s. sophomore, appropriately enough, of an ongoing series of, well, "cartoons", (I guess would be the closest word) in the Nat. Lamp. when O'Rourke was an editor, in which goofy word balloons were pasted onto a series of pictures of a rather "well-padded" young lady jumping around wearing boxing trunks, boxing gloves, and no shirt. . ..
6.13.2008 6:11pm
theobromophile (www):
<blockquote>It raises serious questions about Kozinski's fitness as a judge. If I were litigating an employment discrimination claim based on gender bias (say an officer manager who had posted similar images in his office or who couldn't refrain from making repeated "humorous" observations like "gee, Susan, it's awfully 'nipply' in here, huh?"), I would absolutely move to have Kozinski recused from the case. And I think the motion would be proper and have a great deal of merit. </blockquote>
You would also be doing your client an enormous disservice. Read Kozinski's dissent in the Harrah's case.
6.13.2008 6:15pm
one of many:
If you put something on the web, but do not do something as simple as password protect it, then it is assumed up for grabs for anyone to look at.
An interesting assumption but I doubt it's validity. Do you also assume that if man leaves an unlocked briefcase on the table in front of you, that you have a default invitation to rummage through it? Do you accept that a woman wearing a skirt in public has implicitly given permission to look up it to anyone who happens to be in a position to do so? Unsealed letters addressed to strangers are up for grabs?

Anyway, reasonable expectations of privacy in this case are somewhat moot, it is obvious from the Sanai's behavior that he was aware that Judge K. had not intended for the files to public information, yet he still continued to go through them despite realizing they were private.
6.13.2008 6:16pm
Edward A. Hoffman (mail):
pete wrote:
If I leave my front door open and someone walks in despite knowing he was not invited, that would be trespassing.
Yes, but a webpage is not a house! Will people please stop using that terrible analogy. The vast majority of house owners only let people into their homes on an invitational basis. The majority of website owners want as many random people as possible to view the website and if they do not want that they usually put up a password protected barrier.
That provision involves only accessing files without permission regardless of whether or how the defendant uses them. Permission is key;
So how do I know I have permission or not? Most people reasonably assume that any website that you can access without a password is open to the public, otherwise why connect to the internet where anyone can view it in the first place. Any time someone with a website got mad at someone looking at their site they could retroactively say "no you did not have permission to view that" and have them arrested. Do we really want to go down that road? Note that Kazinksi now has quite easily blocked the public from viewing these files and previously did not have any messages expressly forbidding the public to have access.
Your analysis makes plenty of sense as to people who are just exploring a site they found on the web, but not as to what Sanai actually did here. He clearly knew he was not welcome to look at these files; the reason he was looking around in the first place was to find some private dirt he could use against the judge. This is hardly the typical curious web use you describe.
6.13.2008 6:27pm
NickM (mail) (www):
TDPerkins - you mean Gary Anderson, not Anderson. Anderson has a good sense of humor.

But LM still wins the thread.

Nick
6.13.2008 6:33pm
pete (mail) (www):

An interesting assumption but I doubt it's validity. Do you also assume that if man leaves an unlocked briefcase on the table in front of you, that you have a default invitation to rummage through it? Do you accept that a woman wearing a skirt in public has implicitly given permission to look up it to anyone who happens to be in a position to do so? Unsealed letters addressed to strangers are up for grabs?


These analogies all fail because the web is by its very nature a place to be explored by strangers. People brag about how many strangers access their websites. Briefcases, houses, skirts, letters, etc are all stuff that are assumed to be private unless the owner tells you otherwise. Websites are not assumed to be private by the vast majority of people if you can just type in URL and get to them. And if you want to make a website or parts of a website private it is easy to do so.


Your analysis makes plenty of sense as to people who are just exploring a site they found on the web, but not as to what Sanai actually did here. He clearly knew he was not welcome to look at these files; the reason he was looking around in the first place was to find some private dirt he could use against the judge.


And you can read his mind to know that he knew he did not have permission? If he had actually broken in I would be 100% with you, but he just typed in a URL from what I read. I have friends who are network security professionals and I have downloaded files that are stored on their personal servers similar to how Kazinksy had his set up with you only having to type in a URL that is not indexed. When they want to block strangers from accessing them they password protect them.
6.13.2008 7:10pm
DCLawyer (mail):
Prof Volokh,

I don't think your wine metaphor quite works. It's more like a judge presiding over a drunk driving trial, having 3-4 glasses of screwtop wine for lunch, then driving home. It's not the same as getting tanked on a liter of vodka then hitting the road, for sure, but still a pretty careless thing to do nonetheless. Certainly MADD would not approve.

And let's stop acting like the pictures and stuff he had stored on his computer were normal office banter. Sure people view that stuff, but let's agree that's it's pretty creepy to be storing tons of it on your home computer. It makes it seem like your love of porn, would, say, get in your way of being impartial in a porn trial.

I've met Kozinski (I've seen the man take shots and dance, too, for goodness sake) and I think he's a brilliant and friendly guy. I don't think he's a pervert. But I do think he screwed up here. And seriously, does a man like Judge K who professes to build computers really not understand when a server is publicly accessible?

Just my two cents.
6.13.2008 7:22pm
LM (mail):
Smokey,

On the one hand you seem to regret your over-the-top rant . Had you stopped